Connect Gemini Enterprise to C1

Google Gemini Enterprise calls the C1 MCP gateway as a tool source. Your users ask Gemini Enterprise a question, Gemini calls a C1 tool on their behalf, and C1 enforces your access policies against that person’s identity. Tool calls are attributed to individual users, not to a shared service account.

Activation required. AI access management must be enabled for your tenant before you can use it. To get started, contact the C1 support team for a walkthrough.

What you’ll do

Setup spans two products. Two stages depend on someone other than you, so line those up before you start.

Stage	Where	Depends on
Collect the values you’ll reuse	C1 and Google Cloud	Nothing
Enable the Google Cloud APIs	Google Cloud	A project editor
Allow custom MCP data connectors	Google Cloud	An organization policy administrator
Get the OAuth client ID	C1	Nothing
Create the data store	Gemini Enterprise	Nothing
Enable the actions	Gemini Enterprise	Tool access already granted in C1
Verify the connection	Gemini Enterprise and C1	A user with C1 tool access

Before you begin

Confirm all of these before you start. The organization policy change in particular can take time to arrange.

AI access management must be enabled for your tenant. See Enable AI access management.
The users who will use Gemini Enterprise need C1 tool access already. Their access profiles determine which tools they can call, and a user with no toolset sees no tools at all. See Tools and toolsets.
A Google Cloud project with a Gemini Enterprise app already created. See Google’s Create a Gemini Enterprise app documentation.
Someone who holds roles/orgpolicy.policyAdmin. Project Owner does not include it. In C1 testing, an organization-level grant was needed before the policy change below would apply.
Optional. The gcloud CLI, authenticated with gcloud auth login, if you prefer the command line for the Google Cloud steps.

Required roles

Grant these on the Google Cloud project, except where noted.

Role	Scope	Why
`roles/serviceusage.serviceUsageAdmin`	Project	Enable the required APIs
`roles/discoveryengine.editor`	Project	Create the data store and authorize the connection
`roles/orgpolicy.policyAdmin`	Organization	Allow custom MCP data connectors. Project Owner is not sufficient.

To check what you already hold on the project:

gcloud projects get-iam-policy YOUR_PROJECT_ID \
  --flatten="bindings[].members" \
  --filter="bindings.members:user:YOUR_EMAIL" \
  --format="value(bindings.role)"

To grant a project role:

gcloud projects add-iam-policy-binding YOUR_PROJECT_ID \
  --member="user:admin@yourdomain.com" \
  --role="roles/discoveryengine.editor"

Collect the values you’ll reuse

Every step below reuses these four values. Collect them once.

Value	Where to get it	Example
Tenant	The subdomain of your C1 URL. It is also the prefix of your MCP server URL.	`acme`
MCP server URL	In C1, open your user profile menu and select AI & API > AI connections. Copy the URL shown at the top of the page.	`https://acme-mcp.conductor.one/v1`
Project ID	The Google Cloud console project picker, or `gcloud config get-value project`.	`acme-gemini`
App location	At the top of the Gemini Enterprise Apps page, next to Current location.	`global`

Your OAuth endpoints follow from the tenant. Confirm them against your tenant’s published metadata:

curl -s https://YOUR_TENANT-mcp.conductor.one/.well-known/oauth-authorization-server

Read two fields from that response:

Field in the response	Value for tenant `acme`
`authorization_endpoint`	`https://acme.conductor.one/auth/v1/authorize`
`token_endpoint`	`https://acme.conductor.one/auth/v1/token`

Enable the Google Cloud APIs

Enable all six. In the console, go to APIs & Services > Library, search for the API by the name in the first column, and select Enable. The service ID is the identifier you use with the gcloud CLI.

API to enable	Service ID	Why
Discovery Engine API	`discoveryengine.googleapis.com`	Backs Gemini Enterprise apps and data stores
Connectors API	`connectors.googleapis.com`	Backs the tool actions a data connector exposes
Application Integration API	`integrations.googleapis.com`	Backs the tool actions a data connector exposes
Secret Manager API	`secretmanager.googleapis.com`	Stores the connector’s OAuth credentials
Identity and Access Management (IAM) API	`iam.googleapis.com`	Resolves the roles above
Organization Policy API	`orgpolicy.googleapis.com`	Required to read or change the policy in the next section

Google’s setup documentation for custom MCP servers does not list any APIs. In C1 testing, tool discovery failed until connectors.googleapis.com, integrations.googleapis.com, and secretmanager.googleapis.com were enabled, so enable all six.

To enable them from the command line instead:

gcloud services enable \
  discoveryengine.googleapis.com \
  connectors.googleapis.com \
  integrations.googleapis.com \
  secretmanager.googleapis.com \
  iam.googleapis.com \
  orgpolicy.googleapis.com \
  --project=YOUR_PROJECT_ID

To confirm which APIs are enabled on the project:

gcloud services list --enabled --project=YOUR_PROJECT_ID

Your project can now create data connectors and expose their tool actions.

Allow custom MCP data connectors

Google Cloud blocks custom MCP data connectors by default through the constraints/discoveryengine.managed.disableCustomMcpServerConnector organization policy. Turn it off for this project before you create the data store. If the policy is enforced, creating the data store fails at the final step with:

Operation denied by org policy on resource '...':
["constraints/discoveryengine.managed.disableCustomMcpServerConnector":
"This constraint, when enforced, restricts the creation of data connectors
that use a custom MCP server as their data source."]

Check whether it is enforced on your project:

gcloud org-policies describe \
  discoveryengine.managed.disableCustomMcpServerConnector \
  --project=YOUR_PROJECT_ID --effective

The override applies at the project level, but the person applying it needs roles/orgpolicy.policyAdmin, which project Owner does not include.

In the Google Cloud console, go to IAM & Admin > Organization policies.

Filter for discoveryengine.managed.disableCustomMcpServerConnector and open it.

Select Manage policy.

Select Override parent’s policy, then set the enforcement to Off.

Select Set policy.

From the command line, save this as policy.yaml:

name: projects/YOUR_PROJECT_ID/policies/discoveryengine.managed.disableCustomMcpServerConnector
spec:
  rules:
    - enforce: false

Then apply it:

gcloud org-policies set-policy policy.yaml

Re-run the describe command above. The effective policy reports enforce: false, and your project can create custom MCP data connectors.

Allow several minutes for the change to propagate. Until it does, the console returns the same denial message, so a failure immediately after you apply the policy does not mean the policy is wrong.

Optional: Allow the C1 hostnames

If your organization restricts which external hosts a data connector may reach, it enforces constraints/discoveryengine.allowedEgressFqdns. Check it the same way:

gcloud org-policies describe discoveryengine.allowedEgressFqdns \
  --project=YOUR_PROJECT_ID --effective

If it is set, add the two hostnames your tenant uses, <your-tenant>-mcp.conductor.one and <your-tenant>.conductor.one. Use hostnames only, not full URLs.

Get the OAuth client ID

Gemini Enterprise authenticates each user to C1 with the OAuth 2.0 authorization code flow. It needs an OAuth client that already exists, because it does not register one itself. C1 publishes a client metadata document for Gemini Enterprise. Its URL is your client ID:

https://<your-tenant>.conductor.one/auth/v1/client-metadata/gemini-enterprise

Confirm it resolves before you continue. This returns JSON with a client_id field matching the URL you requested:

curl -s https://YOUR_TENANT.conductor.one/auth/v1/client-metadata/gemini-enterprise

A 404 means your tenant is not yet running a release that publishes this document. Contact the C1 support team to confirm availability for your tenant before continuing.

This client has no secret, so nothing expires and nothing needs rotating. Configure it once and it keeps working.Do not register a client through C1’s dynamic registration endpoint for this integration. An unapproved dynamic registration’s secret expires one hour after it is issued, and rotating it preserves the original expiry rather than extending it, so the connector fails at its first token refresh.

Create the data store

Connect the C1 MCP gateway to your Gemini Enterprise app.

This section and the next have no gcloud or REST equivalent. The public Discovery Engine API rejects the parameters the console itself writes for a custom MCP connector, and the method behind Reload custom actions is not exposed on the public endpoint. Creating the data store, discovering actions, and enabling actions are console-only.

The data connector name generates an ID that cannot be changed later. Choose it before you begin, and keep it short and lowercase with hyphens, such as c1-mcp-gateway.

Use the Custom MCP Server card, not a server imported from Agent Registry. In C1 testing, a connector created from a registry import failed tool discovery with Failed to reload custom actions and a FAILED_PRECONDITION error, while an otherwise identical connector created from the Custom MCP Server card completed without error.

In the Google Cloud console, open Gemini Enterprise and select your app.

Select Connected data stores, then select New data store.

In Select a data source, search for Custom MCP.

On the Custom MCP Server card, select Add MCP server.

Under Authentication settings, choose OAuth 2.0.

Complete the fields. The third column is where this form most often goes wrong.

Field	Value	Watch out for
MCP Server URL	`https://<your-tenant>-mcp.conductor.one/v1`	Ends with `/v1`.
Authorization URL	`https://<your-tenant>.conductor.one/auth/v1/authorize`	No trailing parameters.
Authorization URL Parameters	`&resource=https://<your-tenant>-mcp.conductor.one/v1`	Required. C1 binds tokens to a resource, so omitting this yields a token your MCP endpoint rejects.
Token URL	`https://<your-tenant>.conductor.one/auth/v1/token`	Nothing
Client ID	Your client metadata document URL	The full `https://` URL, not a bare identifier.
Client Secret	`none`	PKCE needs no secret, but the console requires a value in this field, and Google’s documentation says to enter `none`. C1 never reads it.
Scopes	`openid profile email offline_access`	Space-separated, not comma-separated.
Enable PKCE Support	Selected	Not selected by default. C1 requires PKCE, so the flow fails without it.
Use HTTP Basic Authentication	Cleared	Selected by default. Leaving it selected sends credentials in an `Authorization` header, which does not work for a client with no secret.

Select Verify Auth. A window opens for you to sign in through your identity provider and authorize the connection.

Select Continue.

Enter your Data connector name.

Select Create.

The form shows Successfully logged in after you authorize, and the connector reaches the Active state a minute or two after you create it.

Enable the actions

Gemini Enterprise calls MCP tools actions, and imports every one of them turned off. Enable them on the data connector, not on the app’s Actions page, which only redirects you here. Turn on only the actions your users need: a data store supports a maximum of 100 enabled actions, and a shorter list makes the agent’s tool selection more accurate.

Wait for the connector state to reach Active before you start. The reload fails while the connector is still creating.Reload custom actions takes about 30 seconds. Gemini Enterprise calls your MCP server for its tool list and holds the request open while it waits. The table stays empty until it finishes, which looks like a silent failure if you navigate away early. Wait for the Custom actions reloaded confirmation.

Open the data store and select the Actions tab.

Select Reload custom actions. Gemini Enterprise queries your MCP server for its current tool list.

Select the actions to expose.

Select Enable actions.

The actions you selected are now available to users in your Gemini Enterprise app.

Verify the Gemini Enterprise connection

Seeing actions listed does not confirm your credentials work. You confirm the setup only when a user successfully calls a C1 tool.

Open your Gemini Enterprise web app as an end user who has C1 tool access.

In the message box, select the Connectors icon. Your connector is listed with an Authorize link beside it.

Select Authorize, sign in through your identity provider, and approve. The connector then shows a toggle, switched on.

Every user does this once, for themselves. Enabling actions as an administrator does not authorize anyone. Until a user authorizes here, the assistant answers that it has no ConductorOne integration, even though the actions are enabled and the connector is Active.

Ask a question that needs a C1 tool, naming the connector, such as “Using the C1 connector, list the access reviews in ConductorOne.”

The assistant names the action it wants to call and waits. Select Send to confirm it.

In C1, go to AI access management > AI clients. The Gemini Enterprise client appears, bound to that user. Users can see their own connections under their profile menu at AI & API > AI connections.

Confirm the tool call was logged. Every call through C1 MCP records the end user, the tool, the result, and a denial reason when refused. See Audit AI tool usage.

The connection is working, and every tool call is attributed to the user who made it. If the agent does not call a tool, returns nothing, or reports a denial, see Troubleshoot Gemini Enterprise connection errors. A denial that names a missing toolset or access profile is C1 working as configured, not a broken integration.

Optional: Govern the server through Agent Registry

Agent Registry gives your organization a catalog of approved MCP servers, and Agent Gateway is the policy enforcement point for agent traffic. Neither is required here, and the setup above works without both.

Adding them does not change how these tool calls are governed. Google’s documentation states that traffic to MCP servers added as a data connector does not pass through Agent Gateway, and Agent Gateway policies do not apply to it. C1 governs the tool calls. Use this path when you want the C1 gateway listed in a shared catalog alongside your other approved servers, not to add enforcement.

If you want that catalog entry, follow Google’s own documentation, which stays current with the regional rules and command surface:

Three things that are easy to miss on that path:

Your app, gateway, and registry regions must align, and Google’s import documentation has the current table. A global or us app pairs with a us-central1 gateway; an eu app pairs with europe-west1. When they do not align, the server never appears in the data store list and no error explains why.
Each app must be pointed at the gateway explicitly, under Security > Configuration > Agent Gateway configuration in the app. Creating a gateway is not enough, and until an app is bound to one, no registered server appears in its data store list.
Every tool in a toolspec.json needs an inputSchema. Google’s published example omits it, and registration fails with invalid MCP tool spec content: tools.0: inputSchema is required.
The gateway denies egress until you authorize it. By default it allows traffic only to resources explicitly authorized through IAM, so the identity making the call needs the egress role for each destination it should reach.

Troubleshoot Gemini Enterprise connection errors

Symptom	Cause	Fix
`Operation denied by org policy ... disableCustomMcpServerConnector`	The organization policy blocks custom MCP data connectors, or the override has not propagated.	Turn the constraint off and wait several minutes. See Allow custom MCP data connectors.
The override is set but the denial persists	An enforced organization- or folder-level policy overrides your project setting.	Re-run the `describe --effective` command. If it still reports `enforce: true`, ask your organization policy administrator to add the project exception.
`PERMISSION_DENIED` on `gcloud services enable`	The caller lacks `roles/serviceusage.serviceUsageAdmin` on the project.	Grant it. See Required roles.
`404` on the client metadata URL	Your tenant is not running a release that publishes the Gemini Enterprise client document.	Contact the C1 support team.
We encountered some problems during authentication	The client ID is wrong, or the sign-in window was closed or blocked.	Confirm the client ID resolves, allow popups for the console, and retry Verify Auth.
The form will not accept an empty Client Secret	The console treats the field as required.	Enter any placeholder. C1 never reads it.
Failed to reload custom actions on a connector imported from Agent Registry	Registry-imported connectors failed discovery in C1 testing with `FAILED_PRECONDITION`.	Recreate the data store from the Custom MCP Server card instead. See Create the data store.
Failed to reload custom actions	The connector is still creating, or the tool action APIs are not enabled.	Wait for Active, then confirm `connectors.googleapis.com`, `integrations.googleapis.com`, and `secretmanager.googleapis.com` are enabled.
Reload custom actions shows no error and no actions	Most often the reload is still running. It takes about 30 seconds.	Wait for the Custom actions reloaded confirmation, then reload the page.
The action list stays empty after the reload finishes	C1 returned an empty tool list for the authorizing user, which happens when that user has no toolset.	Assign the authorizing user an access profile that includes the tools you expect, then reload again. See Tools and toolsets.
The assistant answers that it has no ConductorOne integration	The user has not authorized the connector in the web app. Enabling actions does not authorize anyone.	In the message box, open Connectors and select Authorize beside your connector. See Verify the Gemini Enterprise connection.
The assistant picks a web search instead of a C1 action	No enabled action matches the request, so nothing is callable.	Enable the actions the request needs, and name the connector in the prompt.
A user’s tool calls are denied while another user’s succeed	C1 is enforcing that user’s access profile. This is expected behavior.	Check the denial reason in the audit log. See Audit AI tool usage.
Authorization works, then breaks about an hour later	The connector uses a dynamically registered client whose secret expired.	Use the C1-published client ID. See Get the OAuth client ID.
Tool calls fail immediately after a working Verify Auth	The token is not bound to your MCP endpoint.	Set Authorization URL Parameters to `&resource=https://<your-tenant>-mcp.conductor.one/v1`.
`failed to fetch client metadata`	C1 fetches its own client metadata document over the public internet, and your tenant hostname does not resolve publicly.	This affects self-hosted installations rather than C1 cloud tenants. Contact the C1 support team.

The data connector name cannot be changed after creation. To correct an authentication value, edit the existing connector’s settings rather than recreating it. To change the name, create a new data store and remove the old one.

What this integration cannot do

These constraints come from Gemini Enterprise and Google Cloud.

VPC Service Controls and Private Service Connect are not supported for custom MCP data stores. If your Google Cloud perimeter requires either, this integration cannot run inside it.
Gemini Enterprise supports egress mode only. It calls out to your MCP server; your MCP server cannot call in.
A data store supports a maximum of 100 enabled actions.

C1’s gateway already satisfies Google’s other requirements for a custom MCP server: it uses StreamableHTTP transport rather than server-sent events, and it presents a certificate from a publicly trusted authority.

Frequently asked questions about connecting Gemini Enterprise

Does a shared client ID mean Gemini Enterprise sees everyone's data?

No. The client ID identifies Gemini Enterprise as an application, not as a user. Every person authorizes individually through your identity provider and receives their own token. C1 evaluates each tool call against that person’s access profiles, and their activity is logged under their own identity.

Why does the Client Secret not matter?

The client is a public OAuth client with no secret. Client ID Metadata Document clients cannot use shared secrets, so C1 never reads the field. Security comes from the authorization code flow with PKCE, which you turn on with Enable PKCE Support.

Do I need Agent Gateway?

No. Google’s documentation states that traffic to MCP servers added as a data connector does not pass through Agent Gateway, so adding it does not change how these tool calls are governed. C1 governs the tool calls. See Optional: Govern the server through Agent Registry.

How do I cut off access in a hurry?

In C1, open AI access management > AI clients, find the Gemini Enterprise client, and use its kill switch. It revokes all tokens for that client immediately, for every user. See Manage AI clients.

Can I see what tools Gemini Enterprise called?

Yes. Every tool call through C1 MCP is logged with the end user, the tool, the result, and a denial reason when refused. See Audit AI tool usage.

These pages cover the C1 side of the integration.

Tools and toolsets covers the access profiles that decide which tools each user can call.
Manage AI clients covers lifecycle states, the kill switch, and allowed client types.
Connect to the C1 MCP covers the same gateway from desktop AI assistants.
Audit AI tool usage covers what C1 logs for every tool call.

Overview

C1 MCP

Workforce & app access

AI agent governance

Risk & intelligence

Cloud infrastructure access

Platform & administration

Connect Gemini Enterprise to C1

What you’ll do

Before you begin

Required roles

Collect the values you’ll reuse

Enable the Google Cloud APIs

Allow custom MCP data connectors

Optional: Allow the C1 hostnames

Get the OAuth client ID

Create the data store

Enable the actions

Verify the Gemini Enterprise connection

Optional: Govern the server through Agent Registry

Troubleshoot Gemini Enterprise connection errors

What this integration cannot do

Frequently asked questions about connecting Gemini Enterprise

​What you’ll do

​Before you begin

​Required roles

​Collect the values you’ll reuse

​Enable the Google Cloud APIs

​Allow custom MCP data connectors

​Optional: Allow the C1 hostnames

​Get the OAuth client ID

​Create the data store

​Enable the actions

​Verify the Gemini Enterprise connection

​Optional: Govern the server through Agent Registry

​Troubleshoot Gemini Enterprise connection errors

​What this integration cannot do

​Frequently asked questions about connecting Gemini Enterprise

​Pages related to governing AI tool access

What you’ll do

Before you begin

Required roles

Collect the values you’ll reuse

Enable the Google Cloud APIs

Allow custom MCP data connectors

Optional: Allow the C1 hostnames

Get the OAuth client ID

Create the data store

Enable the actions

Verify the Gemini Enterprise connection

Optional: Govern the server through Agent Registry

Troubleshoot Gemini Enterprise connection errors

What this integration cannot do

Frequently asked questions about connecting Gemini Enterprise

Pages related to governing AI tool access